Letter to Editor "Effect of a 1-Year Aerobic and Strength Training on Cognitive Functioning After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial".

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Validity and Reliability of Hindi version of Foot and Ankle Disability Index in patients with chronic recurrent lateral ankle sprain.

BACKGROUND: Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) is a recurrent musculoskeletal injury commonly noticed in primary care, podiatry, orthopaedics, and physical therapy centers. The Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) is a self-reported and region-specific tool with no previous literature available on the translation of the FADI scale into Hindi language. AIM: The study aims to translate and evaluate each translated domain of FADI to see its cross-cultural adaptation, content validity and reliability for patients with chronic recurrent LAS. STUDY DESIGN: A Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS: The scale was translated from the reference language to the target language, Hindi, using the instructions provided in the literature. Delphi survey was conducted for content validation followed by recruitment of 51 participants with a history of long lasting repetitive lateral sprain of ankle to evaluate test-retest reliability of Hindi version of FADI. RESULT: The S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA came out to be 0.988 and 0.884, respectively and I-CVI for all items of Hindi version of FADI were more than 0.90. The ICC (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient) and internal consistency was evaluated, which came out to 0.961 and 0.980, respectively for Hindi version of FADI. CONCLUSION: Hindi version of FADI is a valid and reliable scale that has been translated and adapted to be implemented among Indian population suffering from long lasting repetitive LAS.

Hindi translation, cross-culture adaptation, validation and relaibility of foot and ankle disability index instrument in patients with chronic recurrent lateral ankle sprain-A study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. English and Italian versions of the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) questionnaire are available for assessment, but no Hindi version of the FADI questionnaire is yet available for the population who only communicate and understand the Hindi language. AIM: This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the Hindi version of the FADI questionnaire and to evaluate its validity. STUDY DESIGN: A Cross-Sectional Study. METHOD: In accordance with Beaton guidelines, the FADI questionnaire will be translated into Hindi by two translators with medical and non-medical backgrounds, respectively. The recording observer will then take a seat to create a T1-2 version of the translated questionnaire. A Delphi survey with 6-10 experts will be conducted. The pre-final form will be fully tested on 51 patients, and the scale validity will be reported. Finally, the translated questionnaire version will be analyzed by the ethics committee. RESULT: Statistical analysis will be done using the Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI). An individual item of the questionnaire will be validated and documented in the context of the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI). This will be achieved with the help of the Averaging method (S-CVI/Ave) and the Universal Agreement calculation method (S-CVI/UA). Both absolute and relative reliability will be calculated. For absolute reliability, Bland and Altman agreement will be used. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), along with Spearman Rank rho and Pearson product, will be analysed for relative reliability. CONCLUSION: The study will determine the content validity and reliability of the Hindi version of the FADI questionnaire in patients with a chronic recurrent lateral ankle sprain.